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| | 1. |
2006 Mar |
Women's Health Among the Chumash
Adams, Garcia
Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2006 Mar;3(1):125-131.
Abstract
Plants were, and still are, widely used for a number of conditions affecting women in California. This article discusses traditional remedies of the Chumash for dysmenorrhea, premenstrual syndrome, feminine hygiene, heavy menstruation, urinary tract infections, parturition, lactation, infant care, menopause, sexually transmitted diseases, fertility, contraception and abortions. Many plants are presented including Artemisia douglasiana, Paeonia californica, Trichostema lanatum, Salvia apiana, Ephedra viridis, Leymus condensatus, Vitis californica, Eschscholzia californica, Rosa californica, Scirpus acutus, Anemopsis californica and Phoradendron macrophyllum. By providing the specific uses of plants for specific diseases and discussing chemistry, efficacy and safety concerns for each plant, we hope that this article gives direction to women seeking to use plants in their health care.
[Pubmed: 16550233]
| | 2. |
1975 Aug |
Carbon Dioxide Compensation Points of Flowering Plants 1
Krenzer, Moss, Crookston
Plant Physiol 1975 Aug;56(2):194-206.
Abstract
Carbon dioxide compensation points of several hundred species of monocotyledons and dicotyledons have been measured during the course of various experiments in our laboratory over a period of several years. These have been classified into two groups: high, compensation points of 40 μl/l or greater; and low, compensation points of 10 μl/l or less. They are listed alphabetically both by families and species for monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Only two species did not unequivocally fit into the above established groups. These were Moricandia arvensis (L.) DC., which had an average compensation point of 26 μl/l and Panicum milioides Nees ex Trin., which was variable, but most often equilibrated between 12 to 20 μl/l CO2.
[Pubmed: 16659272]
| | 3. |
1922 Apr 07 |
Weekly Reports for APRIL 7, 1922
Public Health Rep 1922 Apr 07;37(14):801-860.
[Pubmed: 19314820]
| | 4. |
1918 Apr |
SPASMODIC VASO-MOTOR DISTURBANCES OF THE RESPIRATORY TRACT, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO HAY FEVER
Selfridge
Cal State J Med 1918 Apr;16(4):164-170.
[Pubmed: 18737581]
| | 5. |
1920 Sep 24 |
Weekly Reports for SEPTEMBER 24, 1920
Public Health Rep 1920 Sep 24;35(39):2241-2307.
[Pubmed: 19314740]
| | 6. |
1933 Jan |
Host Specialization of Erysiphe graminis Tritici
Mains
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1933 Jan;19(1):49-53.
[Pubmed: 16587748]
| | 7. |
1955 Apr |
OFFICE MANAGEMENT OF ALLERGIC CHILDREN
Zall
Calif Med 1955 Apr;82(4):322-325.
Abstract
There is a high incidence of allergic disease in average pediatric practice. Proper diagnosis and treatment can and should be carried out by a higher percentage of practitioners. A thorough history is the most reliable diagnostic method. Skin testing is quite often a very necessary diagnostic tool. Following testing, desensitization may be necessary. The technical details of these procedures should be common medical knowledge. Where desensitization is necessary and is properly carried out, the results are definitely better than with mere symptomatic management.
[Pubmed: 14364289]
| | 8. |
1917 Jul 20 |
Weekly Reports for JULY 20, 1917
Public Health Rep 1917 Jul 20;32(29):1125-1174.
[Pubmed: 19314573]
| | 9. |
1995 Jun |
Unraveling the extent of diversity within the order Planctomycetales.
Ward, Rainey, Stackebrandt, Schlesner
Appl Environ Microbiol 1995 Jun;61(6):2270-2275.
Abstract
The phylogenetic positions of 22 isolates that morphologically resemble members of the family Planctomycetaceae were determined by sequence analysis of genes coding for 16S rRNA. While nine and eight isolates could be assigned to the genera Planctomyces and Pirellula, respectively, three strains grouped near Isosphaera pallida and one strain was closely related to Gemmata obscuriglobus. No isolate was found to be related to a previously described species of any of the four genera at the species level. Morphological characters and sequence idiosyncrasies of genes coding for 16S rRNA of the isolates generally correlated with features described for the four genera to which the isolates could be assigned. One strain stands phylogenetically isolated and may be representative of a novel genus of the family. Comparison with environmental clone sequences representing planctomycetes in soil and water revealed that three of the novel isolates were related to one clone of soil origin, but no close relationships between clones and the other new strains were found. The study reveals that the biodiversity of planctomycetes is significantly greater than was previously determined.
[Pubmed: 7793948]
| | 10. |
2007 Jul 25 |
Complete mitochondrial genome sequence of three tetrahymena species reveals mutation hot spots and accelerated nonsynonymous substitutions in Ymf genes.
Moradian MM, Beglaryan D, Skozylas JM, Kerikorian V
PLoS ONE. 2007;2(7):e650. Epub 2007 Jul 25.
Abstract
The ciliate Tetrahymena, a model organism, contains divergent mitochondrial (Mt) genome with unusual properties, where half of its 44 genes still remain without a definitive function. These genes could be categorized into two major groups of KPC (known protein coding) and Ymf (genes without an identified function). To gain insights into the mechanisms underlying gene divergence and molecular evolution of Tetrahymena (T.) Mt genomes, we sequenced three Mt genomes of T.paravorax, T.pigmentosa, and T.malaccensis. These genomes were aligned and the analyses were carried out using several programs that calculate distance, nucleotide substitution (dn/ds), and their rate ratios (omega) on individual codon sites and via a sliding window approach. Comparative genomic analysis indicated a conserved putative transcription control sequence, a GC box, in a region where presumably transcription and replication initiate. We also found distinct features in Mt genome of T.paravorax despite similar genome organization among these approximately 47 kb long linear genomes. Another significant finding was the presence of at least one or more highly variable regions in Ymf genes where majority of substitutions were concentrated. These regions were mutation hotspots where elevated distances and the dn/ds ratios were primarily due to an increase in the number of nonsynonymous substitutions, suggesting relaxed selective constraint. However, in a few Ymf genes, accelerated rates of nonsynonymous substitutions may be due to positive selection. Similarly, on protein level the majority of amino acid replacements occurred in these regions. Ymf genes comprise half of the genes in Tetrahymena Mt genomes, so understanding why they have not been assigned definitive functions is an important aspect of molecular evolution. Importantly, nucleotide substitution types and rates suggest possible reasons for not being able to find homologues for Ymf genes. Additionally, comparative genomic analysis of complete Mt genomes is essential in identifying biologically significant motifs such as control regions.
[Pubmed: 17653277]
| | 11. |
2006 Dec 07 |
Impact of mating systems on patterns of sequence polymorphism in flowering plants
Glémin, Bazin, Charlesworth
Proc Biol Sci 2006 Dec 07;273(1604):3011-3019.
Abstract
A fundamental challenge in population genetics and molecular evolution is to understand the forces shaping the patterns of genetic diversity within and among species. Among them, mating systems are thought to have important influences on molecular diversity and genome evolution. Selfing is expected to reduce effective population size, Ne, and effective recombination rates, directly leading to reduced polymorphism and increased linkage disequilibrium compared with outcrossing. Increased isolation between populations also results directly from selfing or indirectly from evolutionary changes, such as small flowers and low pollen output, leading to greater differentiation of molecular markers than under outcrossing. The lower effective recombination rate increases the likelihood of hitch-hiking, further reducing within-deme diversity of selfers and thus increasing their genetic differentiation. There are also indirect effects on molecular evolutionary processes. Low Ne reduces the efficacy of selection; in selfers, selection should thus be less efficient in removing deleterious mutations. The rarity of heterozygous sites in selfers leads to infrequent action of biased conversion towards GC, which tends to increase sequences' GC content in the most highly recombining genome regions of outcrossers. To test these predictions in plants, we used a newly developed sequence polymorphism database to investigate the effects of mating system differences on sequence polymorphism and genome evolution in a wide set of plant species. We also took into account other life-history traits, including life form (whether annual or perennial herbs, and woody perennial) and the modes of pollination and seed dispersal, which are known to affect enzyme and DNA marker polymorphism. We show that among various life-history traits, mating systems have the greatest influence on patterns of polymorphism.
[Pubmed: 17015349]
| | 12. |
2003 Oct |
Characterization and adaptive evolution of {alpha}-tubulin genes in the Miscanthus sinensis complex (Poaceae).
Wu WL, Schaal BA, Hwang CY, Hwang MD, Chiang YC, Chiang TY
Am. J. Bot. 2003 Oct;90(10):1513-21.
Abstract
To investigate the organization of and mode of selection in the α-tubulin genes, full-length α-tubulin genes were cloned from four intraspecific taxa of Miscanthus sinensis and its close relatives M. floridulus and M. condensatus using standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and rapid amplification of genomic ends (RAGE)-PCR strategies. Genealogical analysis of angiosperms recovered a monophyletic group of Miscanthus α-tubulin genes, which is homologous to the tua5 locus of maize. Two clusters of nearly equal frequency revealed paraphyly within each Miscanthus taxon. Between-cluster recombination was frequent. Additional evidence for co-occurrence of two haplotypes within individuals and a large-scale crossover all suggested a likely allelic relationship between the Miscanthus clusters. Given a long between-species divergence time in Miscanthus, wide occurrence of the trans-species polymorphisms in α-tubulin genes and the approximately equal frequency of each allelic type make it extremely unlikely that α-tubulin diversity has been maintained under neutrality. Balancing selection may have contributed to such an apportioning of genetic variability as well as to high levels of genetic variation in α-tubulin and higher substitution rates at synonymous sites of exons than at intron bases of M. sinensis. In addition, certain effects of demographic oscillation may have distorted the scenario of a functional locus operating under balancing selection.
[Pubmed: 21659104]
| | 13. |
2003 Apr |
Contrasting selection modes at the Adh1 locus in outcrossing Miscanthus sinensis vs. inbreeding Miscanthus condensatus (Poaceae).
Chiang YC, Schaal BA, Chou CH, Huang S, Chiang TY
Am. J. Bot. 2003 Apr;90(4):561-70.
Abstract
We estimated DNA sequence variation of the Adh1 locus in the outcrossing Miscanthus sinensis (Poaceae) and its close selfing relative, M. condensatus. Tajima's test of selection is significantly negative for both overall exons and replacement sites in M. sinensis. Among its entire sample, nucleotide diversity of nonsynonymous sites is higher than that of synonymous sites. A McDonald and Kreitman test of neutrality indicates an excess of intraspecific replacement polymorphisms, suggesting possible directional selection toward advantageous mutants. However, frequent intragenic recombination suggests both purifying and positive selection is unlikely. Recent demographic expansions coupled with relaxation of purifying selection may have resulted in elevated genetic diversity at the Adh1 locus as well as the trnL-trnF intergenic spacer of cpDNA in this outcrossing species. In contrast, low levels of genetic diversity were detected at both the Adh1 locus and the cpDNA spacer in M. condensatus, consistent with bottlenecks associated with selfing in all populations. While Tajima's D and Fu and Li's F statistics did not reveal deviation from neutrality at the Adh1 locus in M. condensatus, 12 replacements vs. 10 synonymous changes were detected. Based on pairwise comparisons of the d(N)/d(S) ratio, lineages of closely related populations of the species distributed along saline habitats appeared to be under directional selection.
[Pubmed: 21659149]
| | 14. |
2002 May |
Characterization of a genetic resource collection for Miscanthus (Saccharinae, Andropogoneae, Poaceae) using AFLP and ISSR PCR.
Hodkinson TR, Chase MW, Renvoize SA
Ann. Bot. 2002 May;89(5):627-36.
Abstract
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and inter-simple sequence repeat markers were employed to characterize a genetic resource collection of Miscanthus, a grass under trial in Europe as a biomass crop. The 26 polymorphic markers produced by two ISSR fingerprinting primers were able to discriminate taxa and identify putative clones. AFLP fingerprints were fully reproducible and produced a larger number of markers for the three primer pairs tested, of which 998 were polymorphic (representing 79.3% of all bands). AFLP markers distinguished species, infra-specific taxa (varieties and cultivars) and putatively clonal material. They were also used to assess the inter-relationships of the taxa, to investigate the origin of important hybrid plants and to estimate the overall level of genetic variation in the collection. They were useful for assessing the species status of certain taxa such as M. transmorrisonensis, an endemic from Taiwan that was clearly distinct from M. sinensis; whereas other taxa of disputed species status, such as M. condensatus and M. yakushimanum were not genetically distinct from M. sinensis. The AFLP markers detected a high degree of infra-specific variation and allowed subdivisions of the genetic resource collection to be made, particularly within M. sinensis.
[Pubmed: 12099538]
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